14 Common Germs and How They Spread

 

14 Common Germs and How They Spread

Germs are everywhere and they're always on the move. They jump from one surface to another, hitch rides on our hands, and travel through droplets in the air. We encounter these invisible invaders every day, but do we really know how they spread? In this blog post, we'll explore 14 common ways germs are spread and learn simple steps to keep them at bay. From sneezing to sharing drinks with friends, no germ-spreading scenario is off-limits! So join us as we uncover the secrets of these tiny troublemakers and find out how you can protect yourself against their harmful effects.

There are many different types of germs, and they can be spread in a variety of ways. Some common ways that germs are spread include:

• Direct contact: This is when someone comes into contact with a surface or object that is contaminated with germs, and then touches their own eyes, nose, or mouth. This can also happen when two people come into direct contact with each other, such as when they hug, kiss, or shake hands.
• Indirect contact: This occurs when someone comes into contact with a contaminated surface or object, and then touches another person or object. For example, if you touch a doorknob that has been contaminated with germs and then touch your phone, you have indirectly transferred those germs to your phone.
• Respiratory droplets: This happens when someone coughs or sneezes and produces respiratory droplets that contain germs. These droplets can land on surfaces or be inhaled by others, leading to the spread of illness.
• Food and water: Germs can also be spread through food and water that has been contaminated with feces (poop). This can happen if food is prepared without proper hand washing, or if water is not properly treated before consumption.

Below are individual germs and how they spread.

14 Common Germs and Their Ways They Spread

1. The Common Cold

The common cold can be transmitted in a number of ways. The most frequent form of transmission is through touching respiratory secretions, like coughing or sneezing. These secretions may contain the virus and can be spread to others if they are nearby.

Another way of catching a cold is when someone touches a contaminated surface and then rubs their eyes or nose. This kind of contamination can occur through contact with things such as doorknobs or countertops. Lastly, airborne particles containing the cold viruses can inhabit enclosed places such as offices or airplanes, resulting in person-to-person transmission.

2. The Flu

The flu is a virus which is spread through the air and results in severe respiratory illness. Symptoms may include fever, chills, cough, sore throat, runny nose and muscle ache. The flu can be particularly dangerous for young children, the elderly and individuals with certain chronic medical conditions. Obtaining a yearly flu vaccine is the most effective way to protect against it.

3. Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, often referred to as the stomach flu, is a very common illness. It's usually caused by a virus but can be triggered by bacteria or other organisms too. Symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea, which can result in dehydration. Spread of the Gastroenteritis usually occurs when someone has had contact with infected vomit or feces, or with contaminated food/water or an infected animal. Following proper hygiene protocols, like occasionally washing your hands carefully, is essential for preventing its transmission.

4. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children. The virus is typically spread through contact with respiratory secretions or saliva, and can also be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms of the disease include fever, sore throat, and a characteristic rash on the hands, feet, and buttocks. In severe cases, the virus can lead to dehydration and neurologic complications. Treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease is typically supportive, and focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration. There is no specific antiviral therapy for the disease. Prevention of hand, foot, and mouth disease is through good hygiene practices such as regular handwashing.

5. Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV); transmission occurs through contact with an infected person's stool or blood, as well as contaminated food or water. If suspected exposure, it is vital to consult a healthcare provider immediately. Vaccines can help protect against contracting HAV, and its symptoms may include fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, dark urine and jaundice.

6. Measles

There are a number of ways that measles can be spread from one person to another. The most common way is through contact with respiratory secretions, such as saliva or mucus, from an infected person. This can happen when an infected person coughs or sneezes and someone else comes in contact with the secretions.

Measles can also be spread through direct contact with an infected person, such as touching their skin or sharing personal items like cups or utensils. It's important to note that measles is highly contagious and can be spread before symptoms even appear. This means that it's possible to spread the disease without even knowing you have it. That's why it's so important to get vaccinated against measles and to avoid coming into contact with anyone who may be infected.

7. Meningitis

Meningitis is a severe condition with varied etiologies. It is largely transmitted through close contact with an infected person, sharing of utensils and drinks, or saliva. Moreover, it can be contracted by contact with respiratory secretions such as saliva, blood, or mucus from an affected individual. It is also spread through sexual intercourse or exposure to unclean food and water. Therefore, if you are exposed to any of these risk factors, vaccination becomes necessary for protection.

8. MRSA

MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics. MRSA can cause serious skin and soft tissue infections, as well as pneumonia and other respiratory infections. MRSA is spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, or through direct contact with an infected person. Good hygiene, such as washing your hands often and keeping wounds clean and covered, is the best way to prevent the spread of MRSA.

9. Norovirus

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus responsible for causing vomiting and diarrhea. It can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, proximity to someone who is infected, or from touching surfaces that are contaminated with the virus. As one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in the United States, it's particularly common in areas such as hospitals, daycare centers, and cruise ships. Symptoms can start to occur between 12-48 hours after becoming exposed and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Most people can recover within a few days with no specific treatment required other than drinking lots of fluids and getting adequate rest which will help to reduce symptoms. There are instances however where dehydration occurs, leading to hospitalization.

10. Pertussis

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. In addition to coughing or sneezing, pertussis can also be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, such as doorknobs, toys, or countertops. Adults who are not aware of their infection are most often the ones who spread the bacteria to young children.

11. Salmonella

One of the most prevalent modes of germ transmission is through food. Salmonella, a bacterium that can cause food poisoning, is commonly found in raw or uncooked meats, eggs, and poultry. Furthermore, it can also be located in dairy products or sullied water. Its symptoms encompass diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Therefore, it is suggested that one should immediately consult a doctor if they think they have contracted salmonella.

12. Shigellosis

Shigellosis is an illness caused by the Shigella bacteria and typically spread through poor hygiene, contaminated food or water, or contact with an infected person. Common symptoms include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal discomforts. Unfortunately, this infection can be severe in some cases and even lead to death. However, antibiotics are used to help treat the illness when necessary. Prevention strategies include proper hygiene practices and vaccination programs.

13. Staphylococcus A

The spread of Staphylococcus A, or staph bacteria, is a common occurrence. Generally, around 30% of healthy people have the bacteria on their skin or in their noses. While most staph infections are not severe and result in conditions such as pimples or boils, there are cases where they can lead to more serious infections like pneumonia or blood poisoning.

Prevention is key when it comes to avoiding the spread of this bacteria; hands should be regularly washed, and any cuts or abrasions must be kept clean and covered. Additionally, coming into contact with someone carrying the infection or something that has been touched by them – such as doorknobs and clothing – must be avoided.

14. E. Coli

E. coli is a kind of bacteria that typically resides in the intestines of humans and other animals. Usually they are not dangerous, but there are certain strains that can provoke sickness, which can be passed along through contaminated food or water, or contact with an infected individual or animal.

Symptoms of an E. coli infection can include painful stomach cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea which may be bloody. If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately as it could lead to serious health problems such as renal failure. Washing your hands after going to the bathroom or changing diapers, and cooking meat fully before consumption are good measures for avoiding the spread of E. coli.

How to Prevent the Spread of Germs

Good hygiene is essential to reduce the transmission of germs. Make sure to regularly wash your hands, particularly before and after eating, or using the bathroom. To further reduce any chance of contracting germs, you should also avoid touching your face.

Additionally, disinfect areas that could be contaminated such as doorknobs, light switches, countertops and phones with cleaning wipes or a designated cleaner.

If someone in your household has an illness, there are extra guards to take such as having them wear a mask around others and avoiding shared items like towels and toothbrushes. All surfaces they touch should also be cleaned for extra precaution.

In conclusion, it is essential to understand the various ways that germs can spread in order to prevent them from spreading. By simply understanding how these common germs are transferred, you can greatly reduce your risk of contracting any illnesses or diseases. The best way to protect yourself against getting sick is to practice proper hygiene and be aware of your surroundings at all times. Stay safe and healthy!